Studies published between 2019 and 2025 investigating VR-based cognitive interventions in individuals diagnosed with SCD or MCI were identified through searches in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science
Copper is an essential cofactor in GHK-Cus biological activity
In -synuclein-induced PD mouse model, Zhang and collaborators showed that the administration of caffeic acid prevents the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in SN and improves behavioral abnormalities by stimulating autophagy through the JNK/BcL2 pathway (Zhang et al., 2019)
In this context, redox-active iron, principally existing as ferrous (Fe2+) ions, serves as a critical cofactor, driving Fenton reactions that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS)
These cytokines play a role in the regulation of cellular and subcellular communication and maintain equilibrium with other anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10, IL-4, IL-13, and TGF-, reducing their potential harm [32, 33]
PubMed Rosenstock J, et al