Specifically, it upregulates genes involved in collagen synthesis (Types I, III, and V), decorin production (which regulates collagen fibril assembly), integrin and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, DNA repair enzymes, antioxidant defense systems (superoxide dismutase, glutathione), and stem cell markers
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10.1038/s41419-023-06177-1 29 SuL.DongY.WangY.GuanB.LuY
The way of its use is different, depending on the type of bee product and treatment procedure or consumption, such as injection, tablets, syrup, balm, or in conjugation with other products
Its targeted mechanism allows for potent anti-inflammatory effects without broad immune suppression
Clinically, they are being explored for their potential to accelerate postoperative recovery, support chronic soft-tissue healing, and improve tendon-to-bone integration following procedures such as rotator cuff repair and ACL reconstruction