We used an experimental medicine approach with dependent cigarette smokers to investigate if (1) overnight nicotine abstinence, compared with satiety, will produce greater attentional bias (AB), higher pleasantness ratings of cigaretterelated stimuli and increased craving and withdrawal
(4) baromtre sant 2010, INPES
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Thus, the COPD diagnosis was based on administrative data rather than clinical diagnosis using spirometry, which may have resulted in misclassification bias
However, due to the few cases of starters (n=11) and relapsers (n=14) who used e-cigarettes in our study, the association with respiratory symptoms could not be explored