Plasma concentrations of specific amino acids like glutamine, threonine, ornithine, arginine, methionine, glycine, citrulline, and proline in afflicted individuals can normalize post-treatment, thus reversing most metabolic abnormalities (103)
Neither peptide is approved by the FDA or comparable regulators as a hair-loss treatment, and neither has completed a human efficacy trial for that purpose
No published human trials
Aim for 1.0 to 1.6 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight daily
Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by the Japan Study Group of NAFLD (JSG-NAFLD, Kyoto, Japan)
Laboratory studies often utilize GHK-Cu in cell culture systems (e.g., with fibroblasts, keratinocytes, or stem cells) or in animal models to elucidate its effects on cellular proliferation, differentiation, and ECM dynamics