Introduction Cysteine, a sulfhydryl-containing proteinogenic amino acid essential for the human body, is employed in a variety of metabolic pathways, such as the regulation of reduced glutathione (GSH), a major endogenous antioxidant molecule and the generation of sulfur-containing biomolecules such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), taurine, coenzyme A and biotin ( Figure 1 ) ( Figure 1 Cysteine metabolism in cancer and tumor microenvironment It is increasingly noted that altered levels of amino acids including cysteine in the tumor microenvironment, by uptake or processing of both intracellular and extracellular regions, have emerged as potential markers of tumor progression
Recently Ma et al., using multiparametric analysis of GPX4 and Apoptosis Inducing Factor Mitochondria Associated 2 (AIFM2) also called ferroptosis suppressor protein (FSP1) expression and function identified high expression of both proteins as novel biomarkers of pejorative prognosis in AML [35]
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Nutrient supply and redox balance are therefore intertwined and of great importance for anti-cancer treatment
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