Policymakers are now proposing to expand this model across the entire DoD through a Strategic Breakthrough Funding program, with awards potentially reaching $30 million
Other groups who may benefit include: Patients following gastric surgery (gastrectomy, bariatric procedures) where intrinsic factor production or absorption sites are compromised Individuals with malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, or chronic pancreatitis Strict vegans and vegetarians with dietary insufficiency, though oral supplementation is usually tried first Elderly patients with atrophic gastritis or reduced gastric acid production Patients on long-term metformin or proton pump inhibitors, which can impair B12 absorption Individuals with nitrous oxide exposure (recreational or medical), which can cause functional B12 deficiency Diagnosis typically involves serum B12 measurement, with levels below approximately 148 pmol/L (though thresholds vary between laboratories) generally indicating deficiency
A parent may want to give a baby a pacifier before the injection or, if the child is nursing, breastfeed them during the injection
(Note: Only microneedle 1-2 times a week, and ensure your tools are strictly sanitized to prevent severe scalp infections)
Shake gently before use
Furthermore, their small size allows for easy synthesis and modification, facilitating their incorporation into drug-delivery systems or peptide-based therapeutics
