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A small device called a breathalyzer is used for this type of testing
Secondary outcomes measured post-intervention, only by self-report, will be experience of smoking from the cigarette pack, overall experience of smoking, attributes of the cigarette pack, perceptions of the on-packet health warnings, behavior changes, views on plain packaging, and the rewarding value of smoking (as measured by the concurrent choice and transfer task)
The direct costs of smoking include the purchase of cigarettes, which can add up quickly given the average price of a pack of 20 cigarettes in England is now over 16
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Missouri has the lowest tobacco tax of any state by far, of only $0.17 per pack of cigarettes