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Drug therapy in obesity: a review of current and emerging treatments

Abbreviations ER endoplasmic reticulum IMM inner mitochondrial membrane GCL glutamate-cysteine ligase GPx glutathione peroxidases GR glutathione reductase Grx Glutaredoxin GS glutathione synthetase GSH reduced glutathione GSSG oxidized glutathione GSH/GSSG ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione GST glutathione S-transferase MOM mitochondrial outer membrane mtGSH mitochondrial glutathione OGC 2-oxoglutarate carrier ROS reactive oxygen species SLC soluble carrier protein TR thioredoxin reductase Trx Thioredoxin xCT cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 Footnotes Conflicts of interest J.W

Run these at baseline and post-protocol

Urothelial toxicity is potentially explained by high concentrations of ketamine metabolites in urine

When PLOOH is not rapidly neutralized as an PLOH by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in time, PLOOH further reacts with ferrous ions, and the resulting lipid radicals, such as alkoxyl phospholipid radicals (PLO) and PLOO, react with PUFA-PLs ( 2 produced by the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the reduction of nitrogen oxides by NADPH produce H 2 O 2 catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and participate in the Fenton reaction of iron ( Figure 1A )

Initially, senescence was confirmed through SA--gal staining following treatment with 4 M of CDDP (Figure