When you smoke, nicotine activates certain receptors that trigger dopamine release - giving that instant feeling of calm or reward
Ten non-smokers and non habitual coffee consumers were considered as controls
Note that smoking includes not only cigarettes but also any tobacco use, including: vaping products, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), and smokeless tobacco
The results of the included studies were pooled with random-effect models using the Stata version 14.0 metan command and metabias command with Eggers test for the presence of publication bias
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Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 5(3):100856 Jacobsen LK, Slotkin TA, Westerveld M, Mencl WE, Pugh KR (2006) Visuospatial memory deficits emerging during nicotine withdrawal in adolescents with prenatal exposure to active maternal smoking