OpenSecrets.org
They found: Some devices emitted surprisingly high concentrations of elements in the vapor, including antimony and lead
Some brands also have much less nicotine than regular cigarettes or no nicotine at all
As Ben Goldacre, author of Bad Science , explains, by randomly assigning people to one intervention or another and measuring the outcome in the same way across both groups, you can rule out alternative explanations for differences between groups
2014 Grana R, Benowitz N, Glantz S
For example: overheating of e-liquid on the coil and poor wicking performance may lead to an increase in carbonyls to levels higher than observed in cigarette smoke 11,15,47,50,51